Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation*

OVER the past five years awareness has been increasing among neurobiologists of ways in which information is processed in brain tissue. 1 Three lines of recent evidence are sharply at variance with most of what we learned in medical school about information transaction in central nervous tissue. The first line of evidence indicates that cell-to-cell communication between brain cells probably involves only slow waves in much of these interactions. The second is that brain cells sense electric fields in their own environment and that these fields are far below those electric gradients associated with synaptic processes. Specifically, I shall address the apparent role of the oscillating electric fields in the fluid around cells as an element in transaction of information. The third line of investigation is even more remote from classical biochemistry and physiology of brain tissue, in that it addresses the virtual certainty that at least some classes of information transaction at the surfaces of brain cells involve nonequilibrium processes. Under that impressive term is subsumed the simple concept that we no longer think of ions massively transferred from one side of a membrane to another in the initial steps of excitation, but rather that there are forms of resonant interaction between ions located at binding sites on membrane charge sites, surface macromolecules, and that they "see" one another at considerable atomic